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32. Appendice A - Syntaxe de l' ANSI/ISO SQL 1992
Ce fichier contient la grammaire en BNF du langage, arborescence explorée d'abord en profondeur, réalisée le 27-AOÛT-1992 11:03:41.64. La version spécifique de BNF donnée ici est : ANSI et SQL2-seulement. <SQL terminal character> ::= <SQL language character> | <SQL embedded language character> <SQL language character> ::= <simple Latin letter> | <digit> | <SQL special character> <simple Latin letter> ::= <simple Latin upper case letter> | <simple Latin lower case letter> <simple Latin upper case letter> ::= A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z <simple Latin lower case letter> ::= a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z <digit> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 <SQL special character> ::= <space> | <double quote> | <percent> | <ampersand> | <quote> | <left paren> | <right paren> | <asterisk> | <plus sign> | <comma> | <minus sign> | <period> | <solidus> | <colon> | <semicolon> | <less than operator> | <equals operator> | <greater than operator> | <question mark> | <underscore> | <vertical bar> <space> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(space character in character set in use) <double quote> ::= " <percent> ::= % <ampersand> ::= & <quote> ::= ' <left paren> ::= ( <right paren> ::= ) <asterisk> ::= * <plus sign> ::= + <comma> ::= , <minus sign> ::= - <period> ::= . <solidus> ::= / <colon> ::= : <semicolon> ::= ; <less than operator> ::= < <equals operator> ::= = <greater than operator> ::= > <question mark> ::= ? <underscore> ::= _ <vertical bar> ::= | <SQL embedded language character> ::= <left bracket> | <right bracket> <left bracket> ::= [ <right bracket> ::= ] <token> ::= <nondelimiter token> | <delimiter token> <nondelimiter token> ::= <regular identifier> | <key word> | <unsigned numeric literal> | <national character string literal> | <bit string literal> | <hex string literal> <regular identifier> ::= <identifier body> <identifier body> ::= <identifier start> [ ( <underscore> | <identifier part> )... ] <identifier start> ::= <EMPHASIS>(!! See the Syntax Rules) <identifier part> ::= <identifier start> | <digit> <key word> ::= <reserved word> | <non-reserved word> <reserved word> ::= ABSOLUTE | ACTION | ADD | ALL | ALLOCATE | ALTER | AND | ANY | ARE | AS | ASC | ASSERTION | AT | AUTHORIZATION | AVG | BEGIN | BETWEEN | BIT | BIT_LENGTH | BOTH | BY | CASCADE | CASCADED | CASE | CAST | CATALOG | CHAR | CHARACTER | CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER_LENGTH | CHECK | CLOSE | COALESCE | COLLATE | COLLATION | COLUMN | COMMIT | CONNECT | CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT | CONSTRAINTS | CONTINUE | CONVERT | CORRESPONDING | COUNT | CREATE | CROSS | CURRENT | CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR | DATE | DAY | DEALLOCATE | DEC | DECIMAL | DECLARE | DEFAULT | DEFERRABLE | DEFERRED | DELETE | DESC | DESCRIBE | DESCRIPTOR | DIAGNOSTICS | DISCONNECT | DISTINCT | DOMAIN | DOUBLE | DROP | ELSE | END | END-EXEC | ESCAPE | EXCEPT | EXCEPTION | EXEC | EXECUTE | EXISTS | EXTERNAL | EXTRACT | FALSE | FETCH | FIRST | FLOAT | FOR | FOREIGN | FOUND | FROM | FULL | GET | GLOBAL | GO | GOTO | GRANT | GROUP | HAVING | HOUR | IDENTITY | IMMEDIATE | IN | INDICATOR | INITIALLY | INNER | INPUT | INSENSITIVE | INSERT | INT | INTEGER | INTERSECT | INTERVAL | INTO | IS | ISOLATION | JOIN | KEY | LANGUAGE | LAST | LEADING | LEFT | LEVEL | LIKE | LOCAL | LOWER | MATCH | MAX | MIN | MINUTE | MODULE | MONTH | NAMES | NATIONAL | NATURAL | NCHAR | NEXT | NO | NOT | NULL | NULLIF | NUMERIC | OCTET_LENGTH | OF | ON | ONLY | OPEN | OPTION | OR | ORDER | OUTER | OUTPUT | OVERLAPS | PAD | PARTIAL | POSITION | PRECISION | PREPARE | PRESERVE | PRIMARY | PRIOR | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE | PUBLIC | READ | REAL | REFERENCES | RELATIVE | RESTRICT | REVOKE | RIGHT | ROLLBACK | ROWS | SCHEMA | SCROLL | SECOND | SECTION | SELECT | SESSION | SESSION_USER | SET | SIZE | SMALLINT | SOME | SPACE | SQL | SQLCODE | SQLERROR | SQLSTATE | SUBSTRING | SUM | SYSTEM_USER | TABLE | TEMPORARY | THEN | TIME | TIMESTAMP | TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE | TO | TRAILING | TRANSACTION | TRANSLATE | TRANSLATION | TRIM | TRUE | UNION | UNIQUE | UNKNOWN | UPDATE | UPPER | USAGE | USER | USING | VALUE | VALUES | VARCHAR | VARYING | VIEW | WHEN | WHENEVER | WHERE | WITH | WORK | WRITE | YEAR | ZONE <non-reserved word> ::= ADA | C | CATALOG_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | CLASS_ORIGIN | COBOL | COLLATION_CATALOG | COLLATION_NAME | COLLATION_SCHEMA | COLUMN_NAME | COMMAND_FUNCTION | COMMITTED | CONDITION_NUMBER | CONNECTION_NAME | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_NAME | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CURSOR_NAME | DATA | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | FORTRAN | LENGTH | MESSAGE_LENGTH | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | MESSAGE_TEXT | MORE | MUMPS | NAME | NULLABLE | NUMBER | PASCAL | PLI | REPEATABLE | RETURNED_LENGTH | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | RETURNED_SQLSTATE | ROW_COUNT | SCALE | SCHEMA_NAME | SERIALIZABLE | SERVER_NAME | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN | TABLE_NAME | TYPE | UNCOMMITTED | UNNAMED <unsigned numeric literal> ::= <exact numeric literal> | <approximate numeric literal> <exact numeric literal> ::= <unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ] | <period> <unsigned integer> <unsigned integer> ::= <digit>... <approximate numeric literal> ::= <mantissa> E <exponent> <mantissa> ::= <exact numeric literal> <exponent> ::= <signed integer> <signed integer> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned integer> <sign> ::= <plus sign> | <minus sign> <national character string literal> ::= N <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ] <character representation> ::= <nonquote character> | <quote symbol> <nonquote character> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <quote symbol> ::= <quote><quote> <separator> ::= ( <comment> | <space> | <newline> )... <comment> ::= <comment introducer> [ <comment character>... ] <newline> <comment introducer> ::= <minus sign><minus sign>[<minus sign>...] <comment character> ::= <nonquote character> | <quote> <newline> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(implementation-defined end-of-line indicator) <bit string literal> ::= B <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> )... ] <bit> ::= 0 | 1 <hex string literal> ::= X <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> )... ] <hexit> ::= <digit> | A | B | C | D | E | F | a | b | c | d | e | f <delimiter token> ::= <character string literal> | <date string> | <time string> | <timestamp string> | <interval string> | <delimited identifier> | <SQL special character> | <not equals operator> | <greater than or equals operator> | <less than or equals operator> | <concatenation operator> | <double period> | <left bracket> | <right bracket> <character string literal> ::= [ <introducer><character set specification> ] <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> [ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ] <introducer> ::= <underscore> <character set specification> ::= <standard character repertoire name> | <implementation-defined character repertoire name> | <user-defined character repertoire name> | <standard universal character form-of-use name> | <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> <standard character repertoire name> ::= <character set name> <character set name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <SQL language identifier> <schema name> ::= [ <catalog name> <period> ] <unqualified schema name> <catalog name> ::= <identifier> <identifier> ::= [ <introducer><character set specification> ] <actual identifier> <actual identifier> ::= <regular identifier> | <delimited identifier> <delimited identifier> ::= <double quote> <delimited identifier body> <double quote> <delimited identifier body> ::= <delimited identifier part>... <delimited identifier part> ::= <nondoublequote character> | <doublequote symbol> <nondoublequote character> ::= <EMPHASIS>(!! See the Syntax Rules) <doublequote symbol> ::= <double quote><double quote> <unqualified schema name> ::= <identifier> <SQL language identifier> ::= <SQL language identifier start> [ ( <underscore> | <SQL language identifier part> )... ] <SQL language identifier start> ::= <simple Latin letter> <SQL language identifier part> ::= <simple Latin letter> | <digit> <implementation-defined character repertoire name> ::= <character set name> <user-defined character repertoire name> ::= <character set name> <standard universal character form-of-use name> ::= <character set name> <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> ::= <character set name> <date string> ::= <quote> <date value> <quote> <date value> ::= <years value> <minus sign> <months value> <minus sign> <days value> <years value> ::= <datetime value> <datetime value> ::= <unsigned integer> <months value> ::= <datetime value> <days value> ::= <datetime value> <time string> ::= <quote> <time value> [ <time zone interval> ] <quote> <time value> ::= <hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <colon> <seconds value> <hours value> ::= <datetime value> <minutes value> ::= <datetime value> <seconds value> ::= <seconds integer value> [ <period> [ <seconds fraction> ] ] <seconds integer value> ::= <unsigned integer> <seconds fraction> ::= <unsigned integer> <time zone interval> ::= <sign> <hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <timestamp string> ::= <quote> <date value> <space> <time value> [ <time zone interval> ] <quote> <interval string> ::= <quote> ( <year-month literal> | <day-time literal> ) <quote> <year-month literal> ::= <years value> | [ <years value> <minus sign> ] <months value> <day-time literal> ::= <day-time interval> | <time interval> <day-time interval> ::= <days value> [ <space> <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] ] <time interval> ::= <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] | <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] | <seconds value> <not equals operator> ::= <> <greater than or equals operator> ::= >= <less than or equals operator> ::= <= <concatenation operator> ::= || <double period> ::= .. <module> ::= <module name clause> <language clause> <module authorization clause> [ <temporary table declaration>... ] <module contents>... <module name clause> ::= MODULE [ <module name> ] [ <module character set specification> ] <module name> ::= <identifier> <module character set specification> ::= NAMES ARE <character set specification> <language clause> ::= LANGUAGE <language name> <language name> ::= ADA | C | COBOL | FORTRAN | MUMPS | PASCAL | PLI <module authorization clause> ::= SCHEMA <schema name> | AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier> | SCHEMA <schema name> AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier> <module authorization identifier> ::= <authorization identifier> <authorization identifier> ::= <identifier> <temporary table declaration> ::= DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE <qualified local table name> <table element list> [ ON COMMIT ( PRESERVE | DELETE ) ROWS ] <qualified local table name> ::= MODULE <period> <local table name> <local table name> ::= <qualified identifier> <qualified identifier> ::= <identifier> <table element list> ::= <left paren> <table element> [ ( <comma> <table element> )... ] <right paren> <table element> ::= <column definition> | <table constraint definition> <column definition> ::= <column name> ( <data type> | <domain name> ) [ <default clause> ] [ <column constraint definition>... ] [ <collate clause> ] <column name> ::= <identifier> <data type> ::= <character string type> [ CHARACTER SET <character set specification> ] | <national character string type> | <bit string type> | <numeric type> | <datetime type> | <interval type> <character string type> ::= CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | VARCHAR <left paren> <length> <right paren> <length> ::= <unsigned integer> <national character string type> ::= NATIONAL CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | NATIONAL CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | NCHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | NATIONAL CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> | NCHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> <bit string type> ::= BIT [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] | BIT VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren> <numeric type> ::= <exact numeric type> | <approximate numeric type> <exact numeric type> ::= NUMERIC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | DECIMAL [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | INTEGER | INT | SMALLINT <precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <scale> ::= <unsigned integer> <approximate numeric type> ::= FLOAT [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ] | REAL | DOUBLE PRECISION <datetime type> ::= DATE | TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ] [ WITH TIME ZONE ] | TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ] [ WITH TIME ZONE ] <time precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision> <time fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <timestamp precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision> <interval type> ::= INTERVAL <interval qualifier> <interval qualifier> ::= <start field> TO <end field> | <single datetime field> <start field> ::= <non-second datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ] <non-second datetime field> ::= YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE <interval leading field precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <end field> ::= <non-second datetime field> | SECOND [ <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> <right paren> ] <interval fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer> <single datetime field> ::= <non-second datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ] | SECOND [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> [ <comma> <interval fractional seconds precision> ] <right paren> ] <domain name> ::= <qualified name> <qualified name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <qualified identifier> <default clause> ::= DEFAULT <default option> <default option> ::= <literal> | <datetime value function> | USER | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER | SYSTEM_USER | NULL <literal> ::= <signed numeric literal> | <general literal> <signed numeric literal> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned numeric literal> <general literal> ::= <character string literal> | <national character string literal> | <bit string literal> | <hex string literal> | <datetime literal> | <interval literal> <datetime literal> ::= <date literal> | <time literal> | <timestamp literal> <date literal> ::= DATE <date string> <time literal> ::= TIME <time string> <timestamp literal> ::= TIMESTAMP <timestamp string> <interval literal> ::= INTERVAL [ <sign> ] <interval string> <interval qualifier> <datetime value function> ::= <current date value function> | <current time value function> | <current timestamp value function> <current date value function> ::= CURRENT_DATE <current time value function> ::= CURRENT_TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ] <current timestamp value function> ::= CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ] <column constraint definition> ::= [ <constraint name definition> ] <column constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ] <constraint name definition> ::= CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <constraint name> ::= <qualified name> <column constraint> ::= NOT NULL | <unique specification> | <references specification> | <check constraint definition> <unique specification> ::= UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY <references specification> ::= REFERENCES <referenced table and columns> [ MATCH <match type> ] [ <referential triggered action> ] <referenced table and columns> ::= <table name> [ <left paren> <reference column list> <right paren> ] <table name> ::= <qualified name> | <qualified local table name> <reference column list> ::= <column name list> <column name list> ::= <column name> [ ( <comma> <column name> )... ] <match type> ::= FULL | PARTIAL <referential triggered action> ::= <update rule> [ <delete rule> ] | <delete rule> [ <update rule> ] <update rule> ::= ON UPDATE <referential action> <referential action> ::= CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT | NO ACTION <delete rule> ::= ON DELETE <referential action> <check constraint definition> ::= CHECK <left paren> <search condition> <right paren> <search condition> ::= <boolean term> | <search condition> OR <boolean term> <boolean term> ::= <boolean factor> | <boolean term> AND <boolean factor> <boolean factor> ::= [ NOT ] <boolean test> <boolean test> ::= <boolean primary> [ IS [ NOT ] <truth value> ] <boolean primary> ::= <predicate> | <left paren> <search condition> <right paren> <predicate> ::= <comparison predicate> | <between predicate> | <in predicate> | <like predicate> | <null predicate> | <quantified comparison predicate> | <exists predicate> | <unique predicate> | <match predicate> | <overlaps predicate> <comparison predicate> ::= <row value constructor> <comp op> <row value constructor> <row value constructor> ::= <row value constructor element> | <left paren> <row value constructor list> <right paren> | <row subquery> <row value constructor element> ::= <value expression> | <null specification> | <default specification> <value expression> ::= <numeric value expression> | <string value expression> | <datetime value expression> | <interval value expression> <numeric value expression> ::= <term> | <numeric value expression> <plus sign> <term> | <numeric value expression> <minus sign> <term> <term> ::= <factor> | <term> <asterisk> <factor> | <term> <solidus> <factor> <factor> ::= [ <sign> ] <numeric primary> <numeric primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <numeric value function> <value expression primary> ::= <unsigned value specification> | <column reference> | <set function specification> | <scalar subquery> | <case expression> | <left paren> <value expression> <right paren> | <cast specification> <unsigned value specification> ::= <unsigned literal> | <general value specification> <unsigned literal> ::= <unsigned numeric literal> | <general literal> <general value specification> ::= <parameter specification> | <dynamic parameter specification> | <variable specification> | USER | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER | SYSTEM_USER | VALUE <parameter specification> ::= <parameter name> [ <indicator parameter> ] <parameter name> ::= <colon> <identifier> <indicator parameter> ::= [ INDICATOR ] <parameter name> <dynamic parameter specification> ::= <question mark> <variable specification> ::= <embedded variable name> [ <indicator variable> ] <embedded variable name> ::= <colon><host identifier> <host identifier> ::= <Ada host identifier> | <C host identifier> | <COBOL host identifier> | <Fortran host identifier> | <MUMPS host identifier> | <Pascal host identifier> | <PL/I host identifier> <Ada host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <C host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <COBOL host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <Fortran host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <MUMPS host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <Pascal host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <PL/I host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <indicator variable> ::= [ INDICATOR ] <embedded variable name> <column reference> ::= [ <qualifier> <period> ] <column name> <qualifier> ::= <table name> | <correlation name> <correlation name> ::= <identifier> <set function specification> ::= COUNT <left paren> <asterisk> <right paren> | <general set function> <general set function> ::= <set function type> <left paren> [ <set quantifier> ] <value expression> <right paren> <set function type> ::= AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT <set quantifier> ::= DISTINCT | ALL <scalar subquery> ::= <subquery> <subquery> ::= <left paren> <query expression> <right paren> <query expression> ::= <non-join query expression> | <joined table> <non-join query expression> ::= <non-join query term> | <query expression> UNION [ ALL ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term> | <query expression> EXCEPT [ ALL ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query term> <non-join query term> ::= <non-join query primary> | <query term> INTERSECT [ ALL ] [ <corresponding spec> ] <query primary> <non-join query primary> ::= <simple table> | <left paren> <non-join query expression> <right paren> <simple table> ::= <query specification> | <table value constructor> | <explicit table> <query specification> ::= SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> <table expression> <select list> ::= <asterisk> | <select sublist> [ ( <comma> <select sublist> )... ] <select sublist> ::= <derived column> | <qualifier> <period> <asterisk> <derived column> ::= <value expression> [ <as clause> ] <as clause> ::= [ AS ] <column name> <table expression> ::= <from clause> [ <where clause> ] [ <group by clause> ] [ <having clause> ] <from clause> ::= FROM <table reference> [ ( <comma> <table reference> )... ] <table reference> ::= <table name> [ [ AS ] <correlation name> [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ] ] | <derived table> [ AS ] <correlation name> [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ] | <joined table> <derived column list> ::= <column name list> <derived table> ::= <table subquery> <table subquery> ::= <subquery> <joined table> ::= <cross join> | <qualified join> | <left paren> <joined table> <right paren> <cross join> ::= <table reference> CROSS JOIN <table reference> <qualified join> ::= <table reference> [ NATURAL ] [ <join type> ] JOIN <table reference> [ <join specification> ] <join type> ::= INNER | <outer join type> [ OUTER ] | UNION <outer join type> ::= LEFT | RIGHT | FULL <join specification> ::= <join condition> | <named columns join> <join condition> ::= ON <search condition> <named columns join> ::= USING <left paren> <join column list> <right paren> <join column list> ::= <column name list> <where clause> ::= WHERE <search condition> <group by clause> ::= GROUP BY <grouping column reference list> <grouping column reference list> ::= <grouping column reference> [ ( <comma> <grouping column reference> )... ] <grouping column reference> ::= <column reference> [ <collate clause> ] <collate clause> ::= COLLATE <collation name> <collation name> ::= <qualified name> <having clause> ::= HAVING <search condition> <table value constructor> ::= VALUES <table value constructor list> <table value constructor list> ::= <row value constructor> [ ( <comma> <row value constructor> )... ] <explicit table> ::= TABLE <table name> <query term> ::= <non-join query term> | <joined table> <corresponding spec> ::= CORRESPONDING [ BY <left paren> <corresponding column list> <right paren> ] <corresponding column list> ::= <column name list> <query primary> ::= <non-join query primary> | <joined table> <case expression> ::= <case abbreviation> | <case specification> <case abbreviation> ::= NULLIF <left paren> <value expression> <comma> <value expression> <right paren> | COALESCE <left paren> <value expression> ( <comma> <value expression> )... <right paren> <case specification> ::= <simple case> | <searched case> <simple case> ::= CASE <case operand> <simple when clause>... [ <else clause> ] END <case operand> ::= <value expression> <simple when clause> ::= WHEN <when operand> THEN <result> <when operand> ::= <value expression> <result> ::= <result expression> | NULL <result expression> ::= <value expression> <else clause> ::= ELSE <result> <searched case> ::= CASE <searched when clause>... [ <else clause> ] END <searched when clause> ::= WHEN <search condition> THEN <result> <cast specification> ::= CAST <left paren> <cast operand> AS <cast target> <right paren> <cast operand> ::= <value expression> | NULL <cast target> ::= <domain name> | <data type> <numeric value function> ::= <position expression> | <extract expression> | <length expression> <position expression> ::= POSITION <left paren> <character value expression> IN <character value expression> <right paren> <character value expression> ::= <concatenation> | <character factor> <concatenation> ::= <character value expression> <concatenation operator> <character factor> <character factor> ::= <character primary> [ <collate clause> ] <character primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <string value function> <string value function> ::= <character value function> | <bit value function> <character value function> ::= <character substring function> | <fold> | <form-of-use conversion> | <character translation> | <trim function> <character substring function> ::= SUBSTRING <left paren> <character value expression> FROM <start position> [ FOR <string length> ] <right paren> <start position> ::= <numeric value expression> <string length> ::= <numeric value expression> <fold> ::= ( UPPER | LOWER ) <left paren> <character value expression> <right paren> <form-of-use conversion> ::= CONVERT <left paren> <character value expression> USING <form-of-use conversion name> <right paren> <form-of-use conversion name> ::= <qualified name> <character translation> ::= TRANSLATE <left paren> <character value expression> USING <translation name> <right paren> <translation name> ::= <qualified name> <trim function> ::= TRIM <left paren> <trim operands> <right paren> <trim operands> ::= [ [ <trim specification> ] [ <trim character> ] FROM ] <trim source> <trim specification> ::= LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH <trim character> ::= <character value expression> <trim source> ::= <character value expression> <bit value function> ::= <bit substring function> <bit substring function> ::= SUBSTRING <left paren> <bit value expression> FROM <start position> [ FOR <string length> ] <right paren> <bit value expression> ::= <bit concatenation> | <bit factor> <bit concatenation> ::= <bit value expression> <concatenation operator> <bit factor> <bit factor> ::= <bit primary> <bit primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <string value function> <extract expression> ::= EXTRACT <left paren> <extract field> FROM <extract source> <right paren> <extract field> ::= <datetime field> | <time zone field> <datetime field> ::= <non-second datetime field> | SECOND <time zone field> ::= TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE <extract source> ::= <datetime value expression> | <interval value expression> <datetime value expression> ::= <datetime term> | <interval value expression> <plus sign> <datetime term> | <datetime value expression> <plus sign> <interval term> | <datetime value expression> <minus sign> <interval term> <interval term> ::= <interval factor> | <interval term 2> <asterisk> <factor> | <interval term 2> <solidus> <factor> | <term> <asterisk> <interval factor> <interval factor> ::= [ <sign> ] <interval primary> <interval primary> ::= <value expression primary> [ <interval qualifier> ] <interval term 2> ::= <interval term> <interval value expression> ::= <interval term> | <interval value expression 1> <plus sign> <interval term 1> | <interval value expression 1> <minus sign> <interval term 1> | <left paren> <datetime value expression> <minus sign> <datetime term> <right paren> <interval qualifier> <interval value expression 1> ::= <interval value expression> <interval term 1> ::= <interval term> <datetime term> ::= <datetime factor> <datetime factor> ::= <datetime primary> [ <time zone> ] <datetime primary> ::= <value expression primary> | <datetime value function> <time zone> ::= AT <time zone specifier> <time zone specifier> ::= LOCAL | TIME ZONE <interval value expression> <length expression> ::= <char length expression> | <octet length expression> | <bit length expression> <char length expression> ::= ( CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER_LENGTH ) <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren> <string value expression> ::= <character value expression> | <bit value expression> <octet length expression> ::= OCTET_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren> <bit length expression> ::= BIT_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren> <null specification> ::= NULL <default specification> ::= DEFAULT <row value constructor list> ::= <row value constructor element> [ ( <comma> <row value constructor element> )... ] <row subquery> ::= <subquery> <comp op> ::= <equals operator> | <not equals operator> | <less than operator> | <greater than operator> | <less than or equals operator> | <greater than or equals operator> <between predicate> ::= <row value constructor> [ NOT ] BETWEEN <row value constructor> AND <row value constructor> <in predicate> ::= <row value constructor> [ NOT ] IN <in predicate value> <in predicate value> ::= <table subquery> | <left paren> <in value list> <right paren> <in value list> ::= <value expression> ( <comma> <value expression> )... <like predicate> ::= <match value> [ NOT ] LIKE <pattern> [ ESCAPE <escape character> ] <match value> ::= <character value expression> <pattern> ::= <character value expression> <escape character> ::= <character value expression> <null predicate> ::= <row value constructor> IS [ NOT ] NULL <quantified comparison predicate> ::= <row value constructor> <comp op> <quantifier> <table subquery> <quantifier> ::= <all> | <some> <all> ::= ALL <some> ::= SOME | ANY <exists predicate> ::= EXISTS <table subquery> <unique predicate> ::= UNIQUE <table subquery> <match predicate> ::= <row value constructor> MATCH [ UNIQUE ] [ PARTIAL | FULL ] <table subquery> <overlaps predicate> ::= <row value constructor 1> OVERLAPS <row value constructor 2> <row value constructor 1> ::= <row value constructor> <row value constructor 2> ::= <row value constructor> <truth value> ::= TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN <constraint attributes> ::= <constraint check time> [ [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE ] | [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE [ <constraint check time> ] <constraint check time> ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE <table constraint definition> ::= [ <constraint name definition> ] <table constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ] <table constraint> ::= <unique constraint definition> | <referential constraint definition> | <check constraint definition> <unique constraint definition> ::= <unique specification> even in SQL3) <unique specification> <left paren> <unique column list> <right paren> <unique column list> ::= <column name list> <referential constraint definition> ::= FOREIGN KEY <left paren> <referencing columns> <right paren> <references specification> <referencing columns> ::= <reference column list> <module contents> ::= <declare cursor> | <dynamic declare cursor> | <procedure> <declare cursor> ::= DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR FOR <cursor specification> <cursor name> ::= <identifier> <cursor specification> ::= <query expression> [ <order by clause> ] [ <updatability clause> ] <order by clause> ::= ORDER BY <sort specification list> <sort specification list> ::= <sort specification> [ ( <comma> <sort specification> )... ] <sort specification> ::= <sort key> [ <collate clause> ] [ <ordering specification> ] <sort key> ::= <column name> | <unsigned integer> <ordering specification> ::= ASC | DESC <updatability clause> ::= FOR ( READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF <column name list> ] ) <dynamic declare cursor> ::= DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR FOR <statement name> <statement name> ::= <identifier> <procedure> ::= PROCEDURE <procedure name> <parameter declaration list> <semicolon> <SQL procedure statement> <semicolon> <procedure name> ::= <identifier> <parameter declaration list> ::= <left paren> <parameter declaration> [ ( <comma> <parameter declaration> )... ] <right paren> | <parameter declaration>... <parameter declaration> ::= <parameter name> <data type> | <status parameter> <status parameter> ::= SQLCODE | SQLSTATE <SQL procedure statement> ::= <SQL schema statement> | <SQL data statement> | <SQL transaction statement> | <SQL connection statement> | <SQL session statement> | <SQL dynamic statement> | <SQL diagnostics statement> <SQL schema statement> ::= <SQL schema definition statement> | <SQL schema manipulation statement> <SQL schema definition statement> ::= <schema definition> | <table definition> | <view definition> | <grant statement> | <domain definition> | <character set definition> | <collation definition> | <translation definition> | <assertion definition> <schema definition> ::= CREATE SCHEMA <schema name clause> [ <schema character set specification> ] [ <schema element>... ] <schema name clause> ::= <schema name> | AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier> | <schema name> AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier> <schema authorization identifier> ::= <authorization identifier> <schema character set specification> ::= DEFAULT CHARACTER SET <character set specification> <schema element> ::= <domain definition> | <table definition> | <view definition> | <grant statement> | <assertion definition> | <character set definition> | <collation definition> | <translation definition> <domain definition> ::= CREATE DOMAIN <domain name> [ AS ] <data type> [ <default clause> ] [ <domain constraint>... ] [ <collate clause> ] <domain constraint> ::= [ <constraint name definition> ] <check constraint definition> [ <constraint attributes> ] <table definition> ::= CREATE [ ( GLOBAL | LOCAL ) TEMPORARY ] TABLE <table name> <table element list> [ ON COMMIT ( DELETE | PRESERVE ) ROWS ] <view definition> ::= CREATE VIEW <table name> [ <left paren> <view column list> <right paren> ] AS <query expression> [ WITH [ <levels clause> ] CHECK OPTION ] <view column list> ::= <column name list> <levels clause> ::= CASCADED | LOCAL <grant statement> ::= GRANT <privileges> ON <object name> TO <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ] <privileges> ::= ALL PRIVILEGES | <action list> <action list> ::= <action> [ ( <comma> <action> )... ] <action> ::= SELECT | DELETE | INSERT [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ] | UPDATE [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ] | REFERENCES [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ] | USAGE <privilege column list> ::= <column name list> <object name> ::= [ TABLE ] <table name> | DOMAIN <domain name> | COLLATION <collation name> | CHARACTER SET <character set name> | TRANSLATION <translation name> <grantee> ::= PUBLIC | <authorization identifier> <assertion definition> ::= CREATE ASSERTION <constraint name> <assertion check> [ <constraint attributes> ] <assertion check> ::= CHECK <left paren> <search condition> <right paren> <character set definition> ::= CREATE CHARACTER SET <character set name> [ AS ] <character set source> [ <collate clause> | <limited collation definition> ] <character set source> ::= GET <existing character set name> <existing character set name> ::= <standard character repertoire name> | <implementation-defined character repertoire name> | <schema character set name> <schema character set name> ::= <character set name> <limited collation definition> ::= COLLATION FROM <collation source> <collation source> ::= <collating sequence definition> | <translation collation> <collating sequence definition> ::= <external collation> | <schema collation name> | DESC <left paren> <collation name> <right paren> | DEFAULT <external collation> ::= EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external collation name> <quote> <right paren> <external collation name> ::= <standard collation name> | <implementation-defined collation name> <standard collation name> ::= <collation name> <implementation-defined collation name> ::= <collation name> <schema collation name> ::= <collation name> <translation collation> ::= TRANSLATION <translation name> [ THEN COLLATION <collation name> ] <collation definition> ::= CREATE COLLATION <collation name> FOR <character set specification> FROM <collation source> [ <pad attribute> ] <pad attribute> ::= NO PAD | PAD SPACE <translation definition> ::= CREATE TRANSLATION <translation name> FOR <source character set specification> TO <target character set specification> FROM <translation source> <source character set specification> ::= <character set specification> <target character set specification> ::= <character set specification> <translation source> ::= <translation specification> <translation specification> ::= <external translation> | IDENTITY | <schema translation name> <external translation> ::= EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external translation name> <quote> <right paren> <external translation name> ::= <standard translation name> | <implementation-defined translation name> <standard translation name> ::= <translation name> <implementation-defined translation name> ::= <translation name> <schema translation name> ::= <translation name> <SQL schema manipulation statement> ::= <drop schema statement> | <alter table statement> | <drop table statement> | <drop view statement> | <revoke statement> | <alter domain statement> | <drop domain statement> | <drop character set statement> | <drop collation statement> | <drop translation statement> | <drop assertion statement> <drop schema statement> ::= DROP SCHEMA <schema name> <drop behavior> <drop behavior> ::= CASCADE | RESTRICT <alter table statement> ::= ALTER TABLE <table name> <alter table action> <alter table action> ::= <add column definition> | <alter column definition> | <drop column definition> | <add table constraint definition> | <drop table constraint definition> <add column definition> ::= ADD [ COLUMN ] <column definition> <alter column definition> ::= ALTER [ COLUMN ] <column name> <alter column action> <alter column action> ::= <set column default clause> | <drop column default clause> <set column default clause> ::= SET <default clause> <drop column default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT <drop column definition> ::= DROP [ COLUMN ] <column name> <drop behavior> <add table constraint definition> ::= ADD <table constraint definition> <drop table constraint definition> ::= DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <drop behavior> <drop table statement> ::= DROP TABLE <table name> <drop behavior> <drop view statement> ::= DROP VIEW <table name> <drop behavior> <revoke statement> ::= REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ] <privileges> ON <object name> FROM <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ] <drop behavior> <alter domain statement> ::= ALTER DOMAIN <domain name> <alter domain action> <alter domain action> ::= <set domain default clause> | <drop domain default clause> | <add domain constraint definition> | <drop domain constraint definition> <set domain default clause> ::= SET <default clause> <drop domain default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT <add domain constraint definition> ::= ADD <domain constraint> <drop domain constraint definition> ::= DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <drop domain statement> ::= DROP DOMAIN <domain name> <drop behavior> <drop character set statement> ::= DROP CHARACTER SET <character set name> <drop collation statement> ::= DROP COLLATION <collation name> <drop translation statement> ::= DROP TRANSLATION <translation name> <drop assertion statement> ::= DROP ASSERTION <constraint name> <SQL data statement> ::= <open statement> | <fetch statement> | <close statement> | <select statement: single row> | <SQL data change statement> <open statement> ::= OPEN <cursor name> <fetch statement> ::= FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ] <cursor name> INTO <fetch target list> <fetch orientation> ::= NEXT | PRIOR | FIRST | LAST | ( ABSOLUTE | RELATIVE ) <simple value specification> <simple value specification> ::= <parameter name> | <embedded variable name> | <literal> <fetch target list> ::= <target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ] <target specification> ::= <parameter specification> | <variable specification> <close statement> ::= CLOSE <cursor name> <select statement: single row> ::= SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> INTO <select target list> <table expression> <select target list> ::= <target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ] <SQL data change statement> ::= <delete statement: positioned> | <delete statement: searched> | <insert statement> | <update statement: positioned> | <update statement: searched> <delete statement: positioned> ::= DELETE FROM <table name> WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <delete statement: searched> ::= DELETE FROM <table name> [ WHERE <search condition> ] <insert statement> ::= INSERT INTO <table name> <insert columns and source> <insert columns and source> ::= [ <left paren> <insert column list> <right paren> ] <query expression> | DEFAULT VALUES <insert column list> ::= <column name list> <update statement: positioned> ::= UPDATE <table name> SET <set clause list> WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <set clause list> ::= <set clause> [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ] <set clause> ::= <object column> <equals operator> <update source> <object column> ::= <column name> <update source> ::= <value expression> | <null specification> | DEFAULT <update statement: searched> ::= UPDATE <table name> SET <set clause list> [ WHERE <search condition> ] <SQL transaction statement> ::= <set transaction statement> | <set constraints mode statement> | <commit statement> | <rollback statement> <set transaction statement> ::= SET TRANSACTION <transaction mode> [ ( <comma> <transaction mode> )... ] <transaction mode> ::= <isolation level> | <transaction access mode> | <diagnostics size> <isolation level> ::= ISOLATION LEVEL <level of isolation> <level of isolation> ::= READ UNCOMMITTED | READ COMMITTED | REPEATABLE READ | SERIALIZABLE <transaction access mode> ::= READ ONLY | READ WRITE <diagnostics size> ::= DIAGNOSTICS SIZE <number of conditions> <number of conditions> ::= <simple value specification> <set constraints mode statement> ::= SET CONSTRAINTS <constraint name list> ( DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE ) <constraint name list> ::= ALL | <constraint name> [ ( <comma> <constraint name> )... ] <commit statement> ::= COMMIT [ WORK ] <rollback statement> ::= ROLLBACK [ WORK ] <SQL connection statement> ::= <connect statement> | <set connection statement> | <disconnect statement> <connect statement> ::= CONNECT TO <connection target> <connection target> ::= <SQL-server name> [ AS <connection name> ] correspondence with Tony Gordon) [ USER <user name> ] | DEFAULT <SQL-server name> ::= <simple value specification> <connection name> ::= <simple value specification> <user name> ::= <simple value specification> <set connection statement> ::= SET CONNECTION <connection object> <connection object> ::= DEFAULT | <connection name> <disconnect statement> ::= DISCONNECT <disconnect object> <disconnect object> ::= <connection object> | ALL | CURRENT <SQL session statement> ::= <set catalog statement> | <set schema statement> | <set names statement> | <set session authorization identifier statement> | <set local time zone statement> <set catalog statement> ::= SET CATALOG <value specification> <value specification> ::= <literal> | <general value specification> <set schema statement> ::= SET SCHEMA <value specification> <set names statement> ::= SET NAMES <value specification> <set session authorization identifier statement> ::= SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION <value specification> <set local time zone statement> ::= SET TIME ZONE <set time zone value> <set time zone value> ::= <interval value expression> | LOCAL <SQL dynamic statement> ::= <system descriptor statement> | <prepare statement> | <deallocate prepared statement> | <describe statement> | <execute statement> | <execute immediate statement> | <SQL dynamic data statement> <system descriptor statement> ::= <allocate descriptor statement> | <deallocate descriptor statement> | <set descriptor statement> | <get descriptor statement> <allocate descriptor statement> ::= ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> [ WITH MAX <occurrences> ] <descriptor name> ::= [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification> <scope option> ::= GLOBAL | LOCAL <occurrences> ::= <simple value specification> <deallocate descriptor statement> ::= DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <set descriptor statement> ::= SET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <set descriptor information> <set descriptor information> ::= <set count> | VALUE <item number> <set item information> [ ( <comma> <set item information> )... ] <set count> ::= COUNT <equals operator> <simple value specification 1> <simple value specification 1> ::= <simple value specification> <item number> ::= <simple value specification> <set item information> ::= <descriptor item name> <equals operator> <simple value specification 2> <descriptor item name> ::= TYPE | LENGTH | OCTET_LENGTH | RETURNED_LENGTH | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | PRECISION | SCALE | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | NULLABLE | INDICATOR | DATA | NAME | UNNAMED | COLLATION_CATALOG | COLLATION_SCHEMA | COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | CHARACTER_SET_NAME <simple value specification 2> ::= <simple value specification> <item number> ::= <simple value specification> <get descriptor statement> ::= GET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <get descriptor information> <get descriptor information> ::= <get count> | VALUE <item number> <get item information> [ ( <comma> <get item information> )... ] <get count> ::= <simple target specification 1> <equals operator> COUNT <simple target specification 1> ::= <simple target specification> <simple target specification> ::= <parameter name> | <embedded variable name> <get item information> ::= <simple target specification 2> <equals operator> <descriptor item name>> <simple target specification 2> ::= <simple target specification> <prepare statement> ::= PREPARE <SQL statement name> FROM <SQL statement variable> <SQL statement name> ::= <statement name> | <extended statement name> <extended statement name> ::= [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification> <SQL statement variable> ::= <simple value specification> <deallocate prepared statement> ::= DEALLOCATE PREPARE <SQL statement name> <describe statement> ::= <describe input statement> | <describe output statement> <describe input statement> ::= DESCRIBE INPUT <SQL statement name> <using descriptor> <using descriptor> ::= ( USING | INTO ) SQL DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <describe output statement> ::= DESCRIBE [ OUTPUT ] <SQL statement name> <using descriptor> <execute statement> ::= EXECUTE <SQL statement name> [ <result using clause> ] [ <parameter using clause> ] <result using clause> ::= <using clause> <using clause> ::= <using arguments> | <using descriptor> <using arguments> ::= ( USING | INTO ) <argument> [ ( <comma> <argument> )... ] <argument> ::= <target specification> <parameter using clause> ::= <using clause> <execute immediate statement> ::= EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <SQL statement variable> <SQL dynamic data statement> ::= <allocate cursor statement> | <dynamic open statement> | <dynamic fetch statement> | <dynamic close statement> | <dynamic delete statement: positioned> | <dynamic update statement: positioned> <allocate cursor statement> ::= ALLOCATE <extended cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR FOR <extended statement name> <extended cursor name> ::= [ <scope option> ] <simple value specification> <dynamic open statement> ::= OPEN <dynamic cursor name> [ <using clause> ] <dynamic cursor name> ::= <cursor name> | <extended cursor name> <dynamic fetch statement> ::= FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ] <dynamic cursor name> <using clause> <dynamic close statement> ::= CLOSE <dynamic cursor name> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::= DELETE FROM <table name> WHERE CURRENT OF <dynamic cursor name> <dynamic update statement: positioned> ::= UPDATE <table name> SET <set clause> [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ] WHERE CURRENT OF <dynamic cursor name> <SQL diagnostics statement> ::= <get diagnostics statement> <get diagnostics statement> ::= GET DIAGNOSTICS <sql diagnostics information> <sql diagnostics information> ::= <statement information> | <condition information> <statement information> ::= <statement information item> [ ( <comma> <statement information item> )... ] <statement information item> ::= <simple target specification> <equals operator> <statement information item name> <statement information item name> ::= NUMBER | MORE | COMMAND_FUNCTION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | ROW_COUNT <condition information> ::= EXCEPTION <condition number> <condition information item> [ ( <comma> <condition information item> )... ] <condition number> ::= <simple value specification> <condition information item> ::= <simple target specification> <equals operator> <condition information item name> <condition information item name> ::= CONDITION_NUMBER | RETURNED_SQLSTATE | CLASS_ORIGIN | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN | SERVER_NAME | CONNECTION_NAME | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CONSTRAINT_NAME | CATALOG_NAME | SCHEMA_NAME | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | CURSOR_NAME | MESSAGE_TEXT | MESSAGE_LENGTH | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH <embedded SQL host program> ::= <embedded SQL Ada program> | <embedded SQL C program> | <embedded SQL COBOL program> | <embedded SQL Fortran program> | <embedded SQL MUMPS program> | <embedded SQL Pascal program> | <embedded SQL PL/I program> <embedded SQL Ada program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL C program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL COBOL program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL Fortran program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL MUMPS program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL Pascal program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL PL/I program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <embedded SQL declare section> ::= <embedded SQL begin declare> [ <embedded character set declaration> ] [ <host variable definition>... ] <embedded SQL end declare> | <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <embedded SQL begin declare> ::= <SQL prefix> BEGIN DECLARE SECTION [ <SQL terminator> ] <SQL prefix> ::= EXEC SQL | <ampersand>SQL<left paren> <SQL terminator> ::= END-EXEC | <semicolon> | <right paren> <embedded character set declaration> ::= SQL NAMES ARE <character set specification> <host variable definition> ::= <Ada variable definition> | <C variable definition> | <COBOL variable definition> | <Fortran variable definition> | <MUMPS variable definition> | <Pascal variable definition> | <PL/I variable definition> <Ada variable definition> ::= <Ada host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Ada host identifier> )... ] : <Ada type specification> [ <Ada initial value> ] <Ada type specification> ::= <Ada qualified type specification> | <Ada unqualified type specification> <Ada qualified type specification> ::= SQL_STANDARD.CHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | SQL_STANDARD.BIT <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | SQL_STANDARD.SMALLINT | SQL_STANDARD.INT | SQL_STANDARD.REAL | SQL_STANDARD.DOUBLE_PRECISION | SQL_STANDARD.SQLCODE_TYPE | SQL_STANDARD.SQLSTATE_TYPE | SQL_STANDARD.INDICATOR_TYPE <Ada unqualified type specification> ::= CHAR <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | BIT <left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren> | SMALLINT | INT | REAL | DOUBLE_PRECISION | SQLCODE_TYPE | SQLSTATE_TYPE | INDICATOR_TYPE <Ada initial value> ::= <Ada assignment operator> <character representation>... <Ada assignment operator> ::= <colon><equals operator> <C variable definition> ::= [ <C storage class> ] [ <C class modifier> ] <C variable specification> <semicolon> <C storage class> ::= auto | extern | static <C class modifier> ::= const | volatile <C variable specification> ::= <C numeric variable> | <C character variable> | <C derived variable> <C numeric variable> ::= ( long | short | float | double ) <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <C initial value> ::= <equals operator> <character representation>... <C character variable> ::= char [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <C array specification> ::= <left bracket> <length> <right bracket> <C derived variable> ::= <C VARCHAR variable> | <C bit variable> <C VARCHAR variable> ::= VARCHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <C bit variable> ::= BIT <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] [ ( <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] )... ] <COBOL variable definition> ::= (01|77) <COBOL host identifier> <COBOL type specification> [ <character representation>... ] <period> <COBOL type specification> ::= <COBOL character type> | <COBOL bit type> | <COBOL numeric type> | <COBOL integer type> <COBOL character type> ::= [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] ( X [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )... <COBOL bit type> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] ( B [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )... <COBOL numeric type> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S <COBOL nines specification> [ USAGE [ IS ] ] DISPLAY SIGN LEADING SEPARATE <COBOL nines specification> ::= <COBOL nines> [ V [ <COBOL nines> ] ] | V <COBOL nines> <COBOL nines> ::= ( 9 [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )... <COBOL integer type> ::= <COBOL computational integer> | <COBOL binary integer> <COBOL computational integer> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines> [ USAGE [ IS ] ] ( COMP | COMPUTATIONAL ) <COBOL binary integer> ::= ( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines> [ USAGE [ IS ] ] BINARY <Fortran variable definition> ::= <Fortran type specification> <Fortran host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Fortran host identifier> )... ] <Fortran type specification> ::= CHARACTER [ <asterisk> <length> ] [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | BIT [ <asterisk> <length> ] | INTEGER | REAL | DOUBLE PRECISION <MUMPS variable definition> ::= ( <MUMPS numeric variable> | <MUMPS character variable> ) <semicolon> <MUMPS numeric variable> ::= <MUMPS type specification> <MUMPS host identifier> [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> )... ] <MUMPS type specification> ::= INT | DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ] | REAL <MUMPS character variable> ::= VARCHAR <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification> [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification> )... ] <MUMPS length specification> ::= <left paren> <length> <right paren> <Pascal variable definition> ::= <Pascal host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Pascal host identifier> )... ] <colon> <Pascal type specification> <semicolon> <Pascal type specification> ::= PACKED ARRAY <left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket> OF CHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | PACKED ARRAY <left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket> OF BIT | INTEGER | REAL | CHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | BIT <PL/I variable definition> ::= (DCL | DECLARE) ( <PL/I host identifier> | <left paren> <PL/I host identifier> [ ( <comma> <PL/I host identifier> )... ] <right paren> ) <PL/I type specification> [ <character representation>... ] <semicolon> <PL/I type specification> ::= ( CHAR | CHARACTER ) [ VARYING ] <left paren><length><right paren> [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ] <character set specification> ] | BIT [ VARYING ] <left paren><length><right paren> | <PL/I type fixed decimal> <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> | <PL/I type fixed binary> [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ] | <PL/I type float binary> <left paren> <precision> <right paren> <PL/I type fixed decimal> ::= ( DEC | DECIMAL ) FIXED | FIXED ( DEC | DECIMAL ) <PL/I type fixed binary> ::= ( BIN | BINARY ) FIXED | FIXED ( BIN | BINARY ) <PL/I type float binary> ::= ( BIN | BINARY ) FLOAT | FLOAT ( BIN | BINARY ) <embedded SQL end declare> ::= <SQL prefix> END DECLARE SECTION [ <SQL terminator> ] <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> ::= <SQL prefix> BEGIN DECLARE SECTION [ <embedded character set declaration> ] [ <host variable definition>... ] END DECLARE SECTION <SQL terminator> <embedded SQL statement> ::= <SQL prefix> <statement or declaration> [ <SQL terminator> ] <statement or declaration> ::= <declare cursor> | <dynamic declare cursor> | <temporary table declaration> | <embedded exception declaration> | <SQL procedure statement> <embedded exception declaration> ::= WHENEVER <condition> <condition action> <condition> ::= SQLERROR | NOT FOUND <condition action> ::= CONTINUE | <go to> <go to> ::= ( GOTO | GO TO ) <goto target> <goto target> ::= <host label identifier> | <unsigned integer> | <host PL/I label variable> <host label identifier> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <host PL/I label variable> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <preparable statement> ::= <preparable SQL data statement> | <preparable SQL schema statement> | <preparable SQL transaction statement> | <preparable SQL session statement> | <preparable implementation-defined statement> <preparable SQL data statement> ::= <delete statement: searched> | <dynamic single row select statement> | <insert statement> | <dynamic select statement> | <update statement: searched> | <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> | <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <dynamic single row select statement> ::= <query specification> <dynamic select statement> ::= <cursor specification> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::= DELETE [ FROM <table name> ] WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> ::= UPDATE [ <table name> ] SET <set clause list> WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name> <preparable SQL schema statement> ::= <SQL schema statement> <preparable SQL transaction statement> ::= <SQL transaction statement> <preparable SQL session statement> ::= <SQL session statement> <preparable implementation-defined statement> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.) <direct SQL statement> ::= <directly executable statement> <semicolon> <directly executable statement> ::= <direct SQL data statement> | <SQL schema statement> | <SQL transaction statement> | <SQL connection statement> | <SQL session statement> | <direct implementation-defined statement> <direct SQL data statement> ::= <delete statement: searched> | <direct select statement: multiple rows> | <insert statement> | <update statement: searched> | <temporary table declaration> <direct select statement: multiple rows> ::= <query expression> [ <order by clause> ] <direct implementation-defined statement> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules) <SQL object identifier> ::= <SQL provenance> <SQL variant> <SQL provenance> ::= <arc1> <arc2> <arc3> <arc1> ::= iso | 1 | iso <left paren> 1 <right paren> <arc2> ::= standard | 0 | standard <left paren> 0 <right paren> <arc3> ::= 9075 <SQL variant> ::= <SQL edition> <SQL conformance> <SQL edition> ::= <1987> | <1989> | <1992> <1987> ::= 0 | edition1987 <left paren> 0 <right paren> <1989> ::= <1989 base> <1989 package> <1989 base> ::= 1 | edition1989 <left paren> 1 <right paren> <1989 package> ::= <integrity no> | <integrity yes> <integrity no> ::= 0 | IntegrityNo <left paren> 0 <right paren> <integrity yes> ::= 1 | IntegrityYes <left paren> 1 <right paren> <1992> ::= 2 | edition1992 <left paren> 2 <right paren> <SQL conformance> ::= <low> | <intermediate> | <high> <low> ::= 0 | Low <left paren> 0 <right paren> <intermediate> ::= 1 | Intermediate <left paren> 1 <right paren> <high> ::= 2 | High <left paren> 2 <right paren>
[22 février 2002, JDNet]